Quick facts
Birdsfoot trefoil is an invasive species. It should be reported.
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Birdsfoot trefoil is found in prairies and open areas, such as roadsides.
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It forms dense mats, choking and shading out most other vegetation.
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Prescribed burns increase germination, making it troublesome in native prairies.
- See the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources recommendations for reporting invasive species.
How to identify birdsfoot trefoil
- Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) is a perennial herbaceous forb, 12–24 inches tall.
- The clover-like plant has a sprawling growth pattern.
- It can reach up to 2 feet long.
Stem
- Stem can be either lying along the ground or semi-erect.
- Mostly hairless with many alternate branches.
Leaves
- Three clover-like compound leaflets (1/2 inch long) on a short stem with two additional stalkless leaflets at the base of the stem.
Flowers
- Yellow, pea-like, 1/2-inch-long flowers, typically in flat-topped clusters of 2–12, sometimes tinged with red.
- Blooms most of the summer.
Seeds
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1"-long brown-black seed pods (1-1/2 to 3-1/2 inches long) are produced in clusters, resembling a bird’s foot.
Roots
- Taproot
Reviewed in 2021