“Avian Influenza” yog abtsi?
Avian influenza (AI) yog ib tug kab mob uas kawj rau qaib, qaib cov txwv, nraj, w, thiab os. “Waterfowl” thiab “shorebirds” xws li os thiab noog dej yog cov tsiaj uas tus kab mob avian influenza nyiam kawj ua mob rau lawv lub cev thiab rau tej chaw uas lawv nyob tiamsis muaj ntau zaus kuj tsis pom ua mob tshwm sim tuaj. Muaj tej hom kab mob avian influenza muaj lub npe hu ua highly pathogenic (HPAI) vim tias cov kab mob no ua rau qaib mob thiab tuag sai tsis zoo li tus kab mob tshwm sim rau cov noog dej. Tej yam uas koj yuav pom tshwm sim rau cov qaib uas raug tus kab mob highly pathogenic (HPAI) no yog xws li yuav ua rau cov qaib ua tsis taus pa thiab lawv plab heev, dhau ntawv lawm tus kab mob no ua rau cov qaib tuag sai. Tej zaum kuj uas rau tus qaib lub taub hau, caj dab, thiab qhov muag o o thiab ua rau lub taub hau thiab ceg xiav doog. Nyob ntawm lwm yam noog nrog rau qaib cov txwv, tus kab mob no yuav ua rau lawv tshee tshee, ua rau lub caj dab sib qhaib, ua rau lawv tus tis tuag ya tsis taus, thiab nyuaj ua luam dej. Tus kab mob uas raug rau cov qaib no ua rau lawv mob thiab tuag sai kawg nkaus (tsis suav os).
Suav txij thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis ntuj xyoo 2014 los, U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) tau qhia txog tus kab mob HPAI no yog tshwm sim ib ceg los ntawm H5N2, tus kab mob no tau tshwm sim rau tej noog dej qus, thiab cov qaib thiab noog uas tu tom tsev nyob rau hauv lub xeev Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho; cov qaib tu muag nyob rau hauv lub xeev California, Minnesota, Missouri, thiab Arkansas (cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kab mob no muaj nyob rau hauv lub website.
Tus kab mob no yuav tsis kis yooj yim mus rau tej pej xeem thiab yuav tsis muaj teeb meem txog txoj kev noj zaub mov vim cov qaib raug tus kab mob no yuav tsis pub xa mus muag rau hauv tej taj laj los yog khw. Qhov uas tib neeg yuav raug tus kab mob no mas tsuas yog los ntawm qhov uas lawv tu cov qaib uas twb muaj tus kab mob no lawm xwb. Yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntxuav cov nqaij qaib kom huv huv thiab ua cov nqaij thiab hau cov qe kom siav siav txog 165 degree ua ntej yuav noj. Tsis txhob noj tej nqaij qaib los yog nqaij noog uas zoo li muaj mob los yog cia li tuag lawm.
Yuav Tsum Ua Li Cas Yog Koj Xoom Xaim Koj Cov Qaib Los Yog Noog Raug Tus Kab Mob “Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza”?
Ib lub xeev twg twb yeej muaj ib lub koos haum los mus saib xyuas cov xov xwm hais txog tus kab mob avian influenza. Board of Animal Health yog lub koos haum los saib xyuas tus kab mob avian influenza hauv lub xeev Minnesota. Yog koj pab qaib cia li tuag los yog koj xoom xaim tias feem ntau ntawm koj cov qaib tau raug tus mob highly pathogenic avian influenza, thov qhia rau tus kws kho tsiaj los yog Minnesota Board of Animal Health kom sai li sai tau. Mus saib lub website hauv los yog hu rau lub koos haum Minnesota Poultry Testing Laboratory (MPTL) ntawm tus xov tooj (320) 231-5170. Lub koos haum MPTL koom tes nrog rau University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) nyob hauv lub zos St. Paul los mus saib xyuas thiab kuaj cov kab mob Avian Infuenza (AI). Yog xav paub ntxiv, hu rau lub koos haum VDL ntawm tus xov tooj 612-625-8787 los yog mus saib hauv lub website.
Cov Kev Qhia Tiv Thaiv Koj Pab Qaib
Yuav txwv kom qaib txhob raug kab mob, cov tswv yug qaib yuav tsum nrhiav kev los tiv thaiv lawv pab qaib. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev Minnesota, tus kab mob HPAI yog kis los ntawm cov os thiab noog dej. Yog thaum cov qaib raug tus kab mob no lawm, tus kab mob no yuav muaj peev xwm kis mus rau lwm pab qaib, os, thiab noog dej uas nyob puag ncig ntawm lawv thiab. Yog li ntawv lub sij hawm no yog zoo sij hawm rau koj yuav tsum rov mus tshuaj ntsuam xyuas koj txoj kev tiv thaiv koj cov qaib. Nram qab no yog tej yam kev tiv thaiv uas lub koos haum USDA tau qhia los mus pab tiv thaiv tus kab mob AI thiaj yuav tsis raug koj cov qaib:
Yuav tsum txhob cia koj pab qaib mus ze lwm pawg qaib thiaj tsis kis kab mob. Nram qab no yog tej yam yuav tsum tau ua:
- Yuav tsum tau ua chaw thaiv thiab xov laj kab ib puag ncig ntawm lub cooj thiaj yuav txwv tau lwm yam tsiaj qus thiab noog los yog qaib qus los ze koj pab qaib.
- Cov neeg tu yuav tsum tsis txhob mus ze lwm pab qaib los yog noog ua ntej rov los tu nws pab qaib thiab noog. Yuav tsum txwv txhob pub lwm tus neeg uas tu qaib thiab noog tuaj xyuas koj pab qaib thiab noog.
- Yuav tsum cais cov qaib nyias nyob nyias yog lawv tsis yog tib hom qaib thiab yog lawv cov hnub nyoog sib txawv kom thiaj tsis kis kab mob yooj yim.
- o Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas koj lub cooj tu qaib, nug koj tus kheej seb puas muaj tej yam koj yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv thiaj yuav pab tiv thaiv tau koj cov qaib kom txhob mus kis tau tus kab mob HPAI?
Yuav tsum tu lub cooj qaib kom huv si (tu thiab tsau tshuaj ntxuav kom txhob muaj phaj nyaj). Nram qab no yog tej yam kev piv txwv (examples):
- Yuav tsum tau tu lub chaw pub qhaus thiab qhov chaw haus dej kom huv si thiab txhob pub tej noog qus los noj cov qhauv thiab haus cov dej. Yog ua qhauv thiab dej txeej, yuav tsum tau tu kom huv. Yuav tsum tau pauv tej kev koj siv pub qhauv yog noog qus pheej los ze.
- Yuav tsum tau hnav tej ris tsho thiab khau tu qaib kom huv si ua ntej nkag mus hauv lub cooj thiab tu cov qaib.
- Yuav tsum tu thiab muab tshuaj tsau ntxuav cov khoom siv tu qaib xws li cov duav hlau thiab cov duav hlau kaus nplooj lwg.
- Yuav tsum tau tu ib puag ncig ntawm lub cooj qaib kom huv thiab siv tshuaj los ntxuav cov khoom siv kom huv si txhob pub cov qaib lo quav qaib.">Clean and then disinfect equipment that comes in contact with your birds such as shovels and rakes.
- Yuav tsum tau tshuaj ntsuam xyuas koj txoj kev tu qaib. Puas huv txaus los yog tseem tshuav chaw rau koj tu kom huv tshaj qub?
Tsis txhob nqa kab mob los tsev. Nram qab no yog tej yam piv txwv:
- Yog koj mus nqa lwm yam qaib tshiab los tu los yog coj cov qaib rov los tsev thaum mus sib tw tag lawm, yuav tsum tau cais cov qaib no tawm ntawm lub cooj kom muaj 30 hnub ua ntej rov muab lawv sib xyaws.
- Yuav tsum tu thiab muab tshuaj tsau ntxuav cov thoob los yog thawv ntim qaib thiab tej khoom siv ua ntej koj xa cov no rov mus rau tus tswv. Dhau ntawm cov no lawm, yuav tsum tu thiab ntxuav cov log tsheb thiab lub tsheb cab khoom.
- Yuav tsum tau saib thiab tu kom zoo thaj plaws. Nug koj tus kheej seb qhov chaw uas koj ua los cais puas cais zoo tiag thiaj tsis kis kab mob rau koj cov qaib? Koj coj cov thoob los yog thawv ntim qaib mus ntxuav qhov twg? Ua li cov kua dej ntxuav ntawv ntws mus puas txog koj cov qaib?
Tsis txhob mus kis kab mob ntawm neeg zej zos los.
- Tsis txhob lam mus qiv tej khoom tu tsiaj ntawm koj cov neeg zej zos los mus tu koj cov qaib, yog koj ua li ntawv, tej zaum koj kuj yuav mus nqa tau kab mob los kis rau koj pab qaib.
- Koj puas muaj txhua yam khoom siv txhij txhua los tu koj pab qaib kom koj thiaj yuav tsis mus qiv ntawm koj cov phooj ywg los yog cov neeg zej zos? Tamsim no yog ib lub zoo sij hawm rau koj mus yuav txhua yam khoom siv los tu koj pab qaib thiaj tsis kis kab mob.
2022-23 HPAI outbreaks
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has appeared throughout the United States in recent years. Many confirmed cases of HPAI have been detected in backyard flocks. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service reports cases of HPAI with details on location, type of bird and size of the flock.
HPAI is a reportable disease. If your flock has sudden, high death rates or many birds with signs of HPAI, contact your veterinarian or the Minnesota Board of Animal Health right away. Please use the Minnesota Avian Influenza Hotline at 1-833-454-0156.
See the Minnesota Board of Animal Health website for up-to-date information on HPAI detection in Minnesota.
See the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service website for up-to-date information on HPAI detection in the U.S.
What is avian influenza?
Avian influenza (AI) is a disease that affects domestic poultry including:
- Chickens
- Turkeys
- Pheasants
- Quail
- Ducks
- Geese
Waterfowl and shorebirds are natural hosts for the avian influenza virus. These birds will shed the virus, often without showing signs of illness.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is rapidly fatal for poultry. Sudden onset of HPAI and high death rates are common among all poultry (except ducks and geese).
In chickens, HPAI signs often include respiratory (gasping) and digestive (extreme diarrhea) signs followed by rapid death. Chickens may have swelling around the head, neck, and eyes. The heads and legs may also have purple discoloration.
Other poultry species, including turkeys, may have nervous symptoms such as:
- Tremors
- Twisted necks
- Paralyzed wings
- Laying down and pedaling
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports confirmed cases of HPAI. HPAI has occurred in wild waterfowl, backyard poultry and commercial poultry flocks. See the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service website for up-to-date information on HPAI detection in the U.S.
Public risk is very low with no food safety concerns because infected birds don’t reach the market. Infection risk normally only exists for people in direct contact with affected birds.
Always properly handle poultry and eggs and cook to an internal temperature of 165 F. Don’t eat birds that appear sick or have died for reasons unknown. For more food safety information read Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Minnesota.
HPAI in your flock
The Minnesota Board of Animal Health responds to avian influenza cases.
If your flock has sudden, high death rates or many birds with signs of HPAI, contact your veterinarian or the Minnesota Board of Animal Health, at 651-296-2942, right away.
The Minnesota Poultry Testing Laboratory (MPTL) works with the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) to conduct and coordinate testing for AI.
You can contact the laboratories at:
- Minnesota Poultry Testing Laboratory: 320-231-5170
- University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory: 612-625-8787
Stopping the spread of HPAI
Birds are euthanized on farms confirmed with HPAI. Flocks within a 6-mile radius of a confirmed case will be tested for HPAI. These flocks will also be checked throughout the outbreak. Euthanasia will only occur on-premises with infected birds. Financial reimbursement will be provided if your flock is euthanized under the Minnesota Board of Animal Health or USDA care.
Signs of illness
Detecting HPAI early is key to limiting the spread. Sadly, one of the first signs of HPAI is sudden, unexplained death. Most HPAI cases reported poultry drinking less water before unexplained death.
- Egg layers may show signs of depression, have ruffled feathers, and be quieter than normal. Other signs may include purple or dry combs.
- Turkeys may be quiet and depressed, lay down more than normal, and have swelling around their eyes.
- Waterfowl do not always die from HPAI or show signs of illness, but they can carry the virus and spread it to other birds.
Protecting your flock from HPAI during an outbreak
You can protect your flock by being mindful and using biosecurity.
Avoid attracting wild birds to your residence.
- Cover or enclose any outdoor feeding areas for poultry.
- Promptly clean up any feed spills.
- Avoid visiting any ponds or streams, especially with pets.
- Consider reducing large puddles and standing water that may be a nice resting place for migratory birds.
Limit or halt any travel with your birds to sales, shows and swaps.
- Ensure you have clean hands, clothes and footwear before handling your birds if you do attend any poultry events.
- Do not allow others to handle your birds.
Limit who visits your birds at home.
If someone else must visit your birds:
- Ask them about what other bird contact they have recently had.
- Ask them to wash their hands and wear clean clothes and footwear.
Preventing disease
Biosecurity plans are steps flock owners must take to prevent disease in their flocks.
Poultry get HPAI from infected waterfowl (ducks and geese) and gulls. Infected poultry can spread disease to new flocks. Review your biosecurity plan often. The USDA has the following biosecurity tips.
Alexander, D.J. & Browe, I.H., (2009). History of highly pathogenic avian influenza. 28(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.28.1.1856
Lupiani, B. & Reddy, S. M. (2009). The history of avian influenza. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 32(4), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2008.01.004
Reviewed in 2018