Waa maxay Hargabka Shimbiruhu?
Hargabka Shimbiraha oo afka qalaad lagu yiraahdo Avian Influenza (AI) waa cudur ku dhaca shimbiraha la dhaqdo sida digaagga, turkiga, digaag-duurka, boollo-boollada, iyo ceelaabada. Digirinka iyo xiidanxiitadu waxay iyagu hoy u yihiin fayraska noociisa keena cudurka hargabka shimbiraha, waxayna fayraska ku hurgufaan deegaanka, iyaga oo xitaa wax xanuun ahi aanu ka muuqan. Qaar ka mid ah noocyada hargabka shimbiraha ayaa loogu yeeraa kuwo khatar badan, waxana loo soo gaabiyaa (HPAI), maxaa yeelay si ka duwan sida feyraska Digirinka, fayraskani waxa khatar weyn ayuu ku yahay shimbiraha. Calaamadaha khatarta ah ee lagu arko digaagga marka HPAI uu hayo waxay iskugu jiraan kuwo la xiriira dhinaca neefsiga iyo dheef-shiidka, waxana xiga in shimbirtu ay dhakhso u dhimato. Xiligaas waxaa barar lagu arki karaa madaxa, qoorta, iyo indhaha, waxaana isbeddel ku yimaadda midabka madaxa iyo lugaha kaas oo yeesha midabka casaan-buluugga (purple). Si taas ka duwan, noocyada kale oo shimbiraha, sida turkiga, waxaa lagu arkaa calaamado dhinaca dareen-wadka ah, sida jirka oo dubaaxiya, qoorta oo qaloocata, garbaha oo taag beela, iyo iyaga oo lugaha hawada ku dhaqdhaqaajiya, iyada oo dhabarku uu dhulka u yaallo. Waxa caadi ah in dhamaan shimbiraha (marka laga reebo boollo-boollada iyo ceelaabada) uu xanuunku dhakhso ugu bilowdo, tiro badanna ay ka dhimato.
Ilaa bishii Diisembar, 2014kii, Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Maraykanka (USDA), waxay diiwaan galisay xaalado la hubo oo cudurkan HPAI ah, waxana mas’uul ka ahaa nooca gaarka ah ee H5N2 oo laga helay digirinka, iyo digaaga kale ee guraha gadaashooda lagu dhaqdo ee gobolada Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho. Waxa kale oo laga helay shimbiraha ganacsiga gala ee gobolada California, Minnesota, Missouri, iyo Arkansas (Faahfaahin halkan ka eeg). Khatarta dadka uga imanaysaa aad bay u yar tahay, mana jirto welwel dhinaca cuntada ah maxaa yeelay shimbiraha uu cudurku ku dhacaa suuqa ma soo gaaraan. Khatarta in caabuq dhasho waxay ku kooban tahay dadka tooska ula tacaala dhimbiraha uu xanuunku ku dhacay oo kaliya. Xasuusin ahaan, shimbiraha iyo ukumaha waa in si wanaagsan loola tacaalaa, laguna kariyaa heerkul gaaraya 165-degree Fahrenheit. Ha cunin shimbiro u muuqda inay jiran yihiin ama sababo aan la garaneynin u dhintay. Faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan badbaadada cuntada).
Wixii aad sameyn lahayd haddii aad ka shakido in shimbirahaagu ay qabaan hargabka shimbiraha ee aadka u daran
Gobolka kastaa waxa uu leeyahay hay’ad u gaar ah oo lagu talo galay inay ka jawaabto xaalada hargabka shimbiraha. Minnesota, hay’adda u qaabilsani waa Board of Animal Health. Haddii shimbirahaagu ay la kulmaan dhimasho tiro badan ama boqolkiiba in badan ay muujiyaan calaamadaha hargabka shimbiraha ee daran, fadlan, horay ugu wargali dhakhtarkaaga xayawaanka ama Minnesota Board of Animal Health. Booqo website-kooda, ama wac Minnesota Poultry Testing Laboratory (MPTL), lambarka (320) 231-5170. MPTL waxay la shaqeysaa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory VDL ee Jaamacadda Minnesota, faraceeda St. Paul. Sheybaarkani waxa uu sameeyaa baarista ku saabsan hargabka shimbiraha. Wixii faahfaahin dheeraad ah, la xiriir VDL, lambarka 612- 625-8787 ama booqo website-kooda.
Tallaabooyin la xiriira bayosekuuritiga si aad shimbirahaaga u ilaalisid
Si dadka shimbiraha dhaqda looga caawiyo in shimbirahoodu ay ahaadaan kuwo caafimaad qaba, iyada oo cudurka laga hortagayo, bayosekuuritigu waa lagama maarmaan! Cudurka Hargabka Shimbiraha ee aadka u daran (HPAI) waxa uu ka yimaaddaa shimbiraha biyaha ag jooga sida boolo-boollada iyo ceelaabada oo gobolka Minnesota yimaadda. Markii digaagaaga uu cudurka ku dhaco, waxay u gudbin karaan shimbiro cusub. Markaa hadda waa xiligii ugu wanaagsanaa ee aad dib u eegi lahayd hanaanka bayosekuuritiga. Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Maraykanka (USDA) ayaa talooyinkan bixinaysa si looga hortago in cudurka Hargabka Shimbiraha looga ilaaliyo digaagaaga.
Ka fogow (Digaagaaga ka fogee meelaha cudurku ka imanayo). Tusaale:
- Xaddid duurjoogta iyo shimbiraha aan la dhaqan ee shimbirahaaga u imanaya, adiga oo hoy iyo xeyn-daab u isticmaalaya meelaha furan. Isticmaal maro celisa shimbiraha duurjoogta ah, taas oo aan shimbirahaaga u diideynin inay dibadda arkaan.
- Dadka shimbiraha xanaaneynayaa waa in aanay xiriir la sameynin digaag ama shimbiro kale ka hor inta ayna shimbirahooda u tagin. Xaddid dadka xeradaada soo booqanaya haddii dadkaasi ay iyaguna shimbiro leeyihiin.
- Kala saar noocyada digaagga iyo waliba kuwa kala da’da duwan, maaddaama qaadista cururka ay ku kala duwan yihiin.
- Eeg sida xeradaadu u sameysan tahay. Maxaad sameyn kartaa si aad uga hortagto in shimbirahaagu ay xiriir la sameeyaan shimbiro kale, kuwaas oo keeni kara cudurka HPAI?
Nadaafadda (Nadiifi oo jeermiska ka dil). Tusaale:
- Nadiifi qalabka shimbiraha lagu quudiyo iyo kuwa biyaha lagu siiyo, kana fogee shimbiraha duurjoogta ah. Nadiifi waxa ka daatay cuntadii aad ku quudisay.
- Bed-beddel sida aan u quudisid, waa haddii shimbiraha duurjoogta ahi ay mar walba kuu imanayaan.
- Isticmaal dhar joogta ah ama kuwo nadiif ah iyo kabo marka aad digaagga ka shaqeynaysid.
- Nadiifi ka dibna jeermiska ka dil qalabka aad xerada shimbiraha kaga shaqeysay sida baddeelaha iyo fargeetada beerta.
- Mar walba nadiifi oo jeermiska ka dil meesha shimbiraha lagu xereeyo iyo qalabkaba si loo xaddido in shimbiruhu ay taabtaan xaarkooda.
- Qiimee hawshaada. Ma sidii aad dooneysaybaa mise wax baad ka beddelaysaa?
Cudurka gurigaaga ha keenin. Tusaale:
- Shimbiro cusub oo aad keentay ama shimbirahaagii oo aad ka soo celaysay meelaha badhigga shimbiraha. Meel gaar ah ku hay ugu yaraan 30 maalmood.
- Saxaaradaha wasakhda ah iyo qalabka kale ee aad ku soo celinayso xeradaada adiga oo aan nadiifin oo aan jeermiska ka dilin. Kuwan waxaa ka mid ah taayarada baabuurka iyo qalabka wax lagu jiido.
- Si qoto dheer u eeg. Meesha aad kaarantiinka ugu talo gashay, runtii ma ka soocan tahay, si shimbirahaagu kuugu badbaadaan? Xagee ayaad saxaaradaha ku nadiifisay? Biyihii nadiifintaas ka baxay shimbirahaaga ma u tagi karaan?
Dariskaaga cudur ha ka keenin
- Ha la wadaagin ama dib ha u isticmaalin alaabta sida kortoonka ukumaha ee dariskaaga ama dadka kale ee shimbiraha leh, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad cudur soo amaahatid (deynsatid).
- Ma haysataa wixii aad kaga fogaan lahayd saaxiibadaada iyo dariskaaga? Hadda waa markii aad keensan lahayd qalabka iyo waxyaabaha kale ee aad u baahan tahay si arrintaasi ay suuro gal u noqoto.
2022-23 HPAI outbreaks
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has appeared throughout the United States in recent years. Many confirmed cases of HPAI have been detected in backyard flocks. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service reports cases of HPAI with details on location, type of bird and size of the flock.
HPAI is a reportable disease. If your flock has sudden, high death rates or many birds with signs of HPAI, contact your veterinarian or the Minnesota Board of Animal Health right away. Please use the Minnesota Avian Influenza Hotline at 1-833-454-0156.
See the Minnesota Board of Animal Health website for up-to-date information on HPAI detection in Minnesota.
See the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service website for up-to-date information on HPAI detection in the U.S.
What is avian influenza?
Avian influenza (AI) is a disease that affects domestic poultry including:
- Chickens
- Turkeys
- Pheasants
- Quail
- Ducks
- Geese
Waterfowl and shorebirds are natural hosts for the avian influenza virus. These birds will shed the virus, often without showing signs of illness.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is rapidly fatal for poultry. Sudden onset of HPAI and high death rates are common among all poultry (except ducks and geese).
In chickens, HPAI signs often include respiratory (gasping) and digestive (extreme diarrhea) signs followed by rapid death. Chickens may have swelling around the head, neck, and eyes. The heads and legs may also have purple discoloration.
Other poultry species, including turkeys, may have nervous symptoms such as:
- Tremors
- Twisted necks
- Paralyzed wings
- Laying down and pedaling
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports confirmed cases of HPAI. HPAI has occurred in wild waterfowl, backyard poultry and commercial poultry flocks. See the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service website for up-to-date information on HPAI detection in the U.S.
Public risk is very low with no food safety concerns because infected birds don’t reach the market. Infection risk normally only exists for people in direct contact with affected birds.
Always properly handle poultry and eggs and cook to an internal temperature of 165 F. Don’t eat birds that appear sick or have died for reasons unknown. For more food safety information read Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Minnesota.
HPAI in your flock
The Minnesota Board of Animal Health responds to avian influenza cases.
If your flock has sudden, high death rates or many birds with signs of HPAI, contact your veterinarian or the Minnesota Board of Animal Health, at 651-296-2942, right away.
The Minnesota Poultry Testing Laboratory (MPTL) works with the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) to conduct and coordinate testing for AI.
You can contact the laboratories at:
- Minnesota Poultry Testing Laboratory: 320-231-5170
- University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory: 612-625-8787
Stopping the spread of HPAI
Birds are euthanized on farms confirmed with HPAI. Flocks within a 6-mile radius of a confirmed case will be tested for HPAI. These flocks will also be checked throughout the outbreak. Euthanasia will only occur on-premises with infected birds. Financial reimbursement will be provided if your flock is euthanized under the Minnesota Board of Animal Health or USDA care.
Signs of illness
Detecting HPAI early is key to limiting the spread. Sadly, one of the first signs of HPAI is sudden, unexplained death. Most HPAI cases reported poultry drinking less water before unexplained death.
- Egg layers may show signs of depression, have ruffled feathers, and be quieter than normal. Other signs may include purple or dry combs.
- Turkeys may be quiet and depressed, lay down more than normal, and have swelling around their eyes.
- Waterfowl do not always die from HPAI or show signs of illness, but they can carry the virus and spread it to other birds.
Protecting your flock from HPAI during an outbreak
You can protect your flock by being mindful and using biosecurity.
Avoid attracting wild birds to your residence.
- Cover or enclose any outdoor feeding areas for poultry.
- Promptly clean up any feed spills.
- Avoid visiting any ponds or streams, especially with pets.
- Consider reducing large puddles and standing water that may be a nice resting place for migratory birds.
Limit or halt any travel with your birds to sales, shows and swaps.
- Ensure you have clean hands, clothes and footwear before handling your birds if you do attend any poultry events.
- Do not allow others to handle your birds.
Limit who visits your birds at home.
If someone else must visit your birds:
- Ask them about what other bird contact they have recently had.
- Ask them to wash their hands and wear clean clothes and footwear.
Preventing disease
Biosecurity plans are steps flock owners must take to prevent disease in their flocks.
Poultry get HPAI from infected waterfowl (ducks and geese) and gulls. Infected poultry can spread disease to new flocks. Review your biosecurity plan often. The USDA has the following biosecurity tips.
Alexander, D.J. & Browe, I.H., (2009). History of highly pathogenic avian influenza. 28(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.28.1.1856
Lupiani, B. & Reddy, S. M. (2009). The history of avian influenza. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 32(4), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2008.01.004
Reviewed in 2018